White

In physics, white is the sum of all the colours. To the human eye, white appears to be the total absence of colour. Amongst artists, white and its many uses in art are continuously evolving and challenging those who would embrace them. Is white, then, a non-colour, or an enhancer of colours? Intangible or material? Absence or excess?

Since Antiquity, white has been appreciated for its symbolic value. In Ancient Greece, where they would paint their statues, it was a sign of incompletion, whereas the Romans believed it showed pomp and imperialist virtue. With the rise of Christianity, white was used in opposition to black in order to emphasise moral dichotomies: the pure, divine white against the darkness. In some cases, however, white was used to show sickness or death, most notably in the pallid representations of the skeletal, crucified Christ.

In the Renaissance white was used to sublimate faces and backgrounds. Da Vinci even based his sfumato technique on the soft transition from light into darkness. Throughout the history of painting, white was considered precious for its ability to reflect light. It attracts the gaze even when used in the tiniest quantities, and illuminates the subject, drawing out stunning contrasts as seen in the works of Rembrandt, or in Vermeer's famous Girl with the Pearl Earring.

With the rise of Impressionism, white was used as the brightest tone amongst shades of grey. While Manet produced canvases which were forerunners to monochromes, including The Reader, which was almost pure white, Monet delivered a stunning gradient of whites whilst recreating the snow at his home in Giverny. The first true white monochrome appeared with the arrival of Malevitch's White Square on a White Background. The artist said 'I have broken the blue boundary of colour limits, and come out into the white'.

Modernists were equally passionate about white and valued it incredibly highly. Miro in particular questioned the status of white on canvases. In his painting Woman, Bird and Star white is in parts boldly painted, but is also distinctive for its absence around the star. Picasso, on the other hand, explored white in conjunction with his famous coloured periods. Piero Manzoni became famous thanks to his 'achromatic' paintings, a series of canvases produced exclusively in shades of white. Moving into the 20th century, white became synonymous with minimalist abstraction. For artists like Kandinsky, white was a cosmic colour, associated with a spiritual search for the absolute, guiding the artists as he seek to express his emotions.

Today, white remains an ever popular subject. Roman Opalka made his name creating a series of white numbers of a white background, while Daniel Arsham reinvents white walls in galleries by letting his artwork drip down onto them. White is a colour with multiple symbolic interpretations. The colour of divinity or humility; of purity and immaculate, of emptiness and absence, but always colour. If blue has Klein and red has Rothko, it appears that no artist has yet succeeded in fully mastering white – but maybe you'll find them in our selection!

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White

Elisabeth I

White Flower / Fleur Blanche

Le cirque

Ethereal Reverie

Nightlines #3

Metal and Pulegoso Glass Table Lamp

Four Wall Applique

Les Bleus de St Laz F Casquette

Entre la nube y la pared

Procesos Nº5

Winter's Edge II

NH_22 The sea inside the sea

Safari in Budapest

Layers 30

Dessin

Gestique

Grandmother

Equinoxes #23

Double Life

Femme 3

Tuneis

Sans titre

hanging axumite blue

Sin Titulo

Olivier graphique

Untitled

Monopoloup II

Tigre de Java

Adam et Eve

Baigneuse à la Vague Blanche

Thoughts set free 1

Untitled #10 From Los Infortunios De La Virtud Series

Negro Sangre (2 piezas)

Natural Feelings

Présence obscure - sans titre 09

Monuments

Il s'en va

Apporte

Bob Ooblong

Tag 16

''Gunina''en Givenchy, Paris le 5 Août 1955 Elle Magazine

Stars

The Violence of Handwriting Across a Page

Hope

Untitled (No Selfie Zone...)

Aramata

Frenetici

Cheval à bascule

Vase and two flowers

Zébre

Une longue promenade

A walk in the moonlight

Oui

Mother and Child

White Dancer

Je t'ai gardé dans mon cœur

Sans titre I

Terres agricoles

Cabinet des Lapins

Tourist Penguino

From Earth

Paola Table Lamp

Dichotomy 5/5

Sans Titre

TIE Fighter

Full Moon