White

In physics, white is the sum of all the colours. To the human eye, white appears to be the total absence of colour. Amongst artists, white and its many uses in art are continuously evolving and challenging those who would embrace them. Is white, then, a non-colour, or an enhancer of colours? Intangible or material? Absence or excess?

Since Antiquity, white has been appreciated for its symbolic value. In Ancient Greece, where they would paint their statues, it was a sign of incompletion, whereas the Romans believed it showed pomp and imperialist virtue. With the rise of Christianity, white was used in opposition to black in order to emphasise moral dichotomies: the pure, divine white against the darkness. In some cases, however, white was used to show sickness or death, most notably in the pallid representations of the skeletal, crucified Christ.

In the Renaissance white was used to sublimate faces and backgrounds. Da Vinci even based his sfumato technique on the soft transition from light into darkness. Throughout the history of painting, white was considered precious for its ability to reflect light. It attracts the gaze even when used in the tiniest quantities, and illuminates the subject, drawing out stunning contrasts as seen in the works of Rembrandt, or in Vermeer's famous Girl with the Pearl Earring.

With the rise of Impressionism, white was used as the brightest tone amongst shades of grey. While Manet produced canvases which were forerunners to monochromes, including The Reader, which was almost pure white, Monet delivered a stunning gradient of whites whilst recreating the snow at his home in Giverny. The first true white monochrome appeared with the arrival of Malevitch's White Square on a White Background. The artist said 'I have broken the blue boundary of colour limits, and come out into the white'.

 

Modernists were equally passionate about white and valued it incredibly highly. Miro in particular questioned the status of white on canvases. In his painting Woman, Bird and Star white is in parts boldly painted, but is also distinctive for its absence around the star. Picasso, on the other hand, explored white in conjunction with his famous coloured periods. Piero Manzoni became famous thanks to his 'achromatic' paintings, a series of canvases produced exclusively in shades of white. Moving into the 20th century, white became synonymous with minimalist abstraction. For artists like Kandinsky, white was a cosmic colour, associated with a spiritual search for the absolute, guiding the artists as he seek to express his emotions.  

 

Today, white remains an ever popular subject. Roman Opalka made his name creating a series of white numbers of a white background, while Daniel Arsham reinvents white walls in galleries by letting his artwork drip down onto them. White is a colour with multiple symbolic interpretations. The colour of divinity or humility; of purity and immaculate, of emptiness and absence, but always colour. If blue has Klein and red has Rothko, it appears that no artist has yet succeeded in fully mastering white – but maybe you'll find them in our selection!


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Photography, Invader, Samsofy

Samsofy

Photography . 60 x 90 x 1 cm Photography . 23.6 x 35.4 x 0.4 inch

£2,126

Painting, Silvester, Fro Shae

Fro Shae

Painting . 29.7 x 21 cm Painting . 11.7 x 8.3 inch

£1,328

Painting, Gleichzeit 3/17, Ernst Wolf

Ernst Wolf

Painting . 30 x 77 x 4 cm Painting . 11.8 x 30.3 x 1.6 inch

£1,771

Print, Paname, Meyso

Meyso

Print . 60 x 55 cm Print . 23.6 x 21.7 inch

£345

Print, Jeune fille de dos, Balthus

Balthus

Print . 55 x 76 x 0.02 cm Print . 21.7 x 29.9 x 0 inch

£3,100

Painting, L'Inconnu, Sophie Dumont

Sophie Dumont

Painting . 65 x 54 x 2 cm Painting . 25.6 x 21.3 x 0.8 inch

£3,188

Painting, Entre Nous, Irene Mahon

Irene Mahon

Painting . 62 x 50 x 1.5 cm Painting . 24.4 x 19.7 x 0.6 inch

£664

Photography, Copenhague, Yuhao Pan

Yuhao Pan

Photography . 70 x 50 x 0.2 cm Photography . 27.6 x 19.7 x 0.1 inch

£709

Painting, Sun Day, tizlu

tizlu

Painting . 35 x 25 x 2 cm Painting . 13.8 x 9.8 x 0.8 inch

£1,417

Fine Art Drawings, Looking at the stars, Dantès

Dantès

Fine Art Drawings . 40 x 30 x 0.2 cm Fine Art Drawings . 15.7 x 11.8 x 0.1 inch

£44

Sculpture, Mr.NOBODY S Blanc, Mr.Nobody

Mr.Nobody

Sculpture . 30 x 10 x 10 cm Sculpture . 11.8 x 3.9 x 3.9 inch

£310

Sculpture, Amoureusement, K Ja

K Ja

Sculpture . 51 x 26 x 8 cm Sculpture . 20.1 x 10.2 x 3.1 inch

£753

Sculpture, Apocalypse, Jean Vignes

Jean Vignes

Sculpture . 300 x 550 x 50 cm Sculpture . 118.1 x 216.5 x 19.7 inch

£25,683

Print, OE106, Lbdeb

Lbdeb

Print . 70 x 70 x 0.3 cm Print . 27.6 x 27.6 x 0.1 inch

£841

Painting, Bleue regate, Louis Magre

Louis Magre

Painting . 73 x 60 x 3 cm Painting . 28.7 x 23.6 x 1.2 inch

£2,232

Painting, Blanca mà, Antoni Miró

Antoni Miró

Painting . 50 x 50 x 2 cm Painting . 19.7 x 19.7 x 0.8 inch

£3,936

Painting, Apolline, Yining Zhao

Yining Zhao

Painting . 50 x 50 x 2 cm Painting . 19.7 x 19.7 x 0.8 inch

£1,240

Print, Figure, Massimo Campigli

Massimo Campigli

Print . 65 x 50 x 0.2 cm Print . 25.6 x 19.7 x 0.1 inch

£2,214

Painting, Mike Jagger, Lo Da

Lo Da

Painting . 120 x 80 x 5 cm Painting . 47.2 x 31.5 x 2 inch

£1,417

Painting, Voile N.I, Marisa Busanel

Marisa Busanel

Painting . 81 x 40.5 x 3.5 cm Painting . 31.9 x 15.9 x 1.4 inch

£15,941

Print, Reflexions, Robert Barry

Robert Barry

Print . 91 x 63 cm Print . 35.8 x 24.8 inch

£1,328

Painting, Seashore, Anatoly Tarabanov

Anatoly Tarabanov

Painting . 70 x 90 x 2 cm Painting . 27.6 x 35.4 x 0.8 inch

£514

Photography, HK Flora (1), Camille Levert

Camille Levert

Photography . 47 x 47 x 3 cm Photography . 18.5 x 18.5 x 1.2 inch

£4,871

Sculpture, Cosmic white, Gio

Gio

Sculpture . 48 x 45 x 55 cm Sculpture . 18.9 x 17.7 x 21.7 inch

£6,199

Painting, Zipi Zap, Erró

Erró

Painting . 29.5 x 56.5 x 2 cm Painting . 11.6 x 22.2 x 0.8 inch

£6,377

Painting, Mystique, Jose Royo

Jose Royo

Painting . 92 x 73 x 1 cm Painting . 36.2 x 28.7 x 0.4 inch

£14,879

Sculpture, Atlas, Aniana Heras

Aniana Heras

Sculpture . 34.8 x 21.8 x 14 cm Sculpture . 13.7 x 8.6 x 5.5 inch

£1,111

Painting, Catherine, Marc Le Rest

Marc Le Rest

Painting . 81 x 63 cm Painting . 31.9 x 24.8 inch

£4,251

Painting, Frames l, Sofia Barroso

Sofia Barroso

Painting . 100.1 x 100.1 x 4.1 cm Painting . 39.4 x 39.4 x 1.6 inch

£1,827