White

In physics, white is the sum of all the colours. To the human eye, white appears to be the total absence of colour. Amongst artists, white and its many uses in art are continuously evolving and challenging those who would embrace them. Is white, then, a non-colour, or an enhancer of colours? Intangible or material? Absence or excess?

Since Antiquity, white has been appreciated for its symbolic value. In Ancient Greece, where they would paint their statues, it was a sign of incompletion, whereas the Romans believed it showed pomp and imperialist virtue. With the rise of Christianity, white was used in opposition to black in order to emphasise moral dichotomies: the pure, divine white against the darkness. In some cases, however, white was used to show sickness or death, most notably in the pallid representations of the skeletal, crucified Christ.

In the Renaissance white was used to sublimate faces and backgrounds. Da Vinci even based his sfumato technique on the soft transition from light into darkness. Throughout the history of painting, white was considered precious for its ability to reflect light. It attracts the gaze even when used in the tiniest quantities, and illuminates the subject, drawing out stunning contrasts as seen in the works of Rembrandt, or in Vermeer's famous Girl with the Pearl Earring.

With the rise of Impressionism, white was used as the brightest tone amongst shades of grey. While Manet produced canvases which were forerunners to monochromes, including The Reader, which was almost pure white, Monet delivered a stunning gradient of whites whilst recreating the snow at his home in Giverny. The first true white monochrome appeared with the arrival of Malevitch's White Square on a White Background. The artist said 'I have broken the blue boundary of colour limits, and come out into the white'.

 

Modernists were equally passionate about white and valued it incredibly highly. Miro in particular questioned the status of white on canvases. In his painting Woman, Bird and Star white is in parts boldly painted, but is also distinctive for its absence around the star. Picasso, on the other hand, explored white in conjunction with his famous coloured periods. Piero Manzoni became famous thanks to his 'achromatic' paintings, a series of canvases produced exclusively in shades of white. Moving into the 20th century, white became synonymous with minimalist abstraction. For artists like Kandinsky, white was a cosmic colour, associated with a spiritual search for the absolute, guiding the artists as he seek to express his emotions.  

 

Today, white remains an ever popular subject. Roman Opalka made his name creating a series of white numbers of a white background, while Daniel Arsham reinvents white walls in galleries by letting his artwork drip down onto them. White is a colour with multiple symbolic interpretations. The colour of divinity or humility; of purity and immaculate, of emptiness and absence, but always colour. If blue has Klein and red has Rothko, it appears that no artist has yet succeeded in fully mastering white – but maybe you'll find them in our selection!


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Photography, Monks XXXVIII, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 70 x 105 x 3 cm Photography . 27.6 x 41.3 x 1.2 inch

€1,590

Photography, Monks LX, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 70 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 27.6 x 1.2 inch

€1,590

Photography, Monks LXX, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 80 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 31.5 x 1.2 inch

€1,590

Photography, Monks LXI, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 100 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 39.4 x 1.2 inch

€1,690

Photography, Diva III, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 100 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 39.4 x 1.2 inch

€1,790

Photography, Backstage IX, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 100 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 39.4 x 1.2 inch

€1,790

Photography, Diva XXIV, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 130 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 51.2 x 1.2 inch

€2,090

Photography, Mallorca XI, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 70 x 140 x 3 cm Photography . 27.6 x 55.1 x 1.2 inch

€1,890

Photography, Chicago sky I, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 70 x 140 x 3 cm Photography . 27.6 x 55.1 x 1.2 inch

€1,890

Photography, Chicago art I A, Sven Pfrommer

Sven Pfrommer

Photography . 100 x 100 x 3 cm Photography . 39.4 x 39.4 x 1.2 inch

€1,690

Photography, Shapeshifter, Tomaas

Tomaas

Photography . 80 x 120 cm Photography . 31.5 x 47.2 inch

€4,650

Photography, Woman, Eugenie Killikh

Eugenie Killikh

Photography . 38 x 25.4 x 0.3 cm Photography . 15 x 10 x 0.1 inch

€1,097

Photography, Duality, Eugenie Killikh

Eugenie Killikh

Photography . 38 x 38 x 0.3 cm Photography . 15 x 15 x 0.1 inch

€1,097

Photography, Blossom, Eugenie Killikh

Eugenie Killikh

Photography . 95 x 90 x 0.3 cm Photography . 37.4 x 35.4 x 0.1 inch

€1,280 €1,152

Photography, Portrait #2, D-A Woisard

D-A Woisard

Photography . 50 x 40 cm Photography . 19.7 x 15.7 inch

€1,200

Photography, House N, Edmund Sumner

Edmund Sumner

Photography . 43 x 60 x 0.1 cm Photography . 16.9 x 23.6 x 0 inch

€603

Photography, L'envoil, Charlotte Brunstein

Charlotte Brunstein

Photography . 42 x 42 x 0.1 cm Photography . 16.5 x 16.5 x 0 inch

€990

Photography, Horizons, Charlotte Brunstein

Charlotte Brunstein

Photography . 42 x 59.4 x 0.1 cm Photography . 16.5 x 23.4 x 0 inch

€990

Photography, Effluve 7, Charlotte Brunstein

Charlotte Brunstein

Photography . 59.4 x 39.52 x 0.1 cm Photography . 23.4 x 15.6 x 0 inch

€990

Photography, For Degas, Katerina Belkina

Katerina Belkina

Photography . 120 x 84 cm Photography . 47.2 x 33.1 inch

€10,057

Photography, Clash, USA 1979, Bob Gruen

Bob Gruen

Photography . 61 x 50.8 x 5.1 cm Photography . 24 x 20 x 2 inch

€2,286

Photography, The Who, NYC 1976, Bob Gruen

Bob Gruen

Photography . 50.8 x 61 x 5.1 cm Photography . 20 x 24 x 2 inch

€2,286

Photography, City Range #57, Petr Strnad

Petr Strnad

Photography . 30 x 40 x 0.1 cm Photography . 11.8 x 15.7 x 0 inch

€320

Photography, City Range #52, Petr Strnad

Petr Strnad

Photography . 40 x 30 x 0.1 cm Photography . 15.7 x 11.8 x 0 inch

€320

Photography, Lady Gaga, NYC, Bob Gruen

Bob Gruen

Photography . 50.8 x 61 x 5.1 cm Photography . 20 x 24 x 2 inch

€2,743

Photography, Dune, Tanguy Mendrisse

Tanguy Mendrisse

Photography . 60 x 40 x 0.2 cm Photography . 23.6 x 15.7 x 0.1 inch

€260

Photography, Rainbow, Nicolas Issaly

Nicolas Issaly

Photography . 90 x 60 x 2 cm Photography . 35.4 x 23.6 x 0.8 inch

€960

Photography, The fall, Nicolas Issaly

Nicolas Issaly

Photography . 60 x 90 x 2 cm Photography . 23.6 x 35.4 x 0.8 inch

€1,260

Photography, Poolside Chic, Slim Aarons

Slim Aarons

Photography . 41 x 31 cm Photography . 16.1 x 12.2 inch

€2,050

Photography, Poolside Dreams, Slim Aarons

Slim Aarons

Photography . 31 x 41 cm Photography . 12.2 x 16.1 inch

€2,050

Photography, Poolside Host, Slim Aarons

Slim Aarons

Photography . 31 x 41 cm Photography . 12.2 x 16.1 inch

€2,050

Photography, Nelda's Pool, Slim Aarons

Slim Aarons

Photography . 31 x 41 cm Photography . 12.2 x 16.1 inch

€2,050

Photography, Chalet Costi, Slim Aarons

Slim Aarons

Photography . 30 x 30 cm Photography . 11.8 x 11.8 inch

€2,050